Protection
TERRAM® provide high performance geosynthetic protection systems for a diverse range of civil engineering and building applications including landfills, canals, lakes, lagoons, ponds, reed beds, reservoirs, basements and floor slabs.
Typical applications include:
- Basal liner protection
- Cap liner protection
- Settlement lagoon liner protection
Landfill Engineering
Needlepunched Geotextiles are used extensively in landfill construction. The primary application is when used above and below the geomembrane liner as a protection layer preventing damage occurring during stone placement and filling operations.
Terram NP products provide excellent protection to the geomembrane and maintain its integrity by helping minimize environmental stress cracking (ESC) and preventing puncture from the underlying subgrade and from the stone drainage layer placed on top.
Using our laminator, Terram NP products can also be combined with both drainage and lining materials to form specialised geocomposite products designed specifically for your application. Typical materials that can be combined are geonets, geomembranes and band drains; utilising a combination of products means that protection materials can be offered with multiple functions thereby reducing installation times and costs on site.
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The information contained in this chart is for guidance only. It is not intended as a design tool and technical support should be sought from Terram before specifying a material grade. No warranty is given or implied for the use of this information for design or installation.
Cylinder Testing
Terram are committed to offering a total specification service within the landfill industry. Working with carefully selected independent UKAS accredited dependent partners Terram can facilitate Cylinder Testing facilities in accordance with the Environment Agency's Standard - 'A methodology for cylinder testing of protectors for geomembranes on landfill sites',(available at www.terram.com).
Undertaking these tests allows contractors to assess the cost effectiveness of using a particular grade of Terram NP and drainage aggregate combination. This allows the contractor to choose a local supply of stone and then select the appropriate grade of geotextile to protect the geomembrane liner thus reducing the environmental impact of the project by minimizing transport miles.
- Applied Load
- Upper steel plate
- Sand
- Separator geotextile
- Drainage aggregate
- Geotextile specimen
- Geomembrane
- Lead sheet
- Dense rubber pad
- Lower steel plate
- Load cells
- Cylinder
Typical applications include:
- Landfill cap drainage
- Liner protection
- Landfill gas venting
- Leak detection
- Groundwater control
- Contamination isolation
Waste management is a demanding environment for geocomposite drainage systems. Besides the standard waste management drainage requirements, the drainage system must be capable of draining aggressive liquids and venting volatile gases. Polymer resistance to chemical and bacterial attack is a vital requirement.
Geocomposites applied to slopes and loaded with fill material, are subjected to in-plane shear forces; therefore the method of bonding the core to the geotextiles is also an important consideration. All Terram Geocomposites are thermally bondedto ensure the best join between the constituent materialsand to minimise shear failure.
Terram Geocomposites offer solutions in both landfill capping and landfill lining applications, effectively replacing 'traditional' stone drainage layers.
Landfill Caps
Landfill caps should include both a drainage layer above the capping membrane and a gas collection layer below. Terram Geocomposites can be used in either application and offer both reduced cost and higher, factory constant, performance than traditional solutions, such as crushed stone.
Installed above the liner, Terram Geocomposites assist in collecting and draining any rainwater from the overlying soils. This will help prevent the overlying soils destabilising through saturation and, with correct design, assist in protecting the capping layer from damage or failure.
Installed below the geosynthetic liner, Terram Geocomposites provide a free passage for the movement of potentially dangerous harmful landfill gases, which can then be collected or dispersed. In addition, the combination of geotextile filter fabric and polymeric drainage cores, provide protection to possible damage of the liner from sharp materials within the waste.
- Depth of fill (waste)
- Type of fill (waste)
- Leachate/gas volumes
- Soil conditions
- Hydrology
- Water table
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Basal Landfill Liners
By replacing the traditional stone layer with a much thinner Terram Geocomposite, more volume for waste is created within the landfill. Terram Geocomposites installed beneath the basal lining system will form an effective drainage system for groundwater, helping prevent many problems associated with varying fluctuating groundwater levels.
Leakage Detection
Installing a Terram Geocomposite between the primary and secondary liners forms an effective leak detection system that not only highlights the presence of a leak but also has the flow capacity to collect the discharge until the leak is repaired.
Environmental Protection
Terram Geocomposites installed over contaminated soils and below clean fill, form a capillary break preventing contaminated water rising to the clean soils; they also form a horizontal drain that permits the lateral drainage of infiltrated rainwater preventing it from entering the contaminated zone. For these applications Terram Geocomposites can be fabricated with both high visibility geotextiles or high visibility drainage core.
Typical applications include:
- Swales and drainage ditches
- Stormwater containment lagoons
- Process water channels
- Culvert outfalls
- Intermittent drainage channels
- Dams
Terram Cellular Confinement Systems can be used to protect structures exposed to severe erosion conditions or continuous flow. It offers improvements over conventional materials such as concrete and aggregate by confining the infill within the cellular structure and assuring effective subgrade drainage and subsoil protection.
The system also allows for vegetated systems which provide increased strength through the root structure (as with the slope protection application) and result in a more natural finished appearance, compatible with the local environment and ecology.
Using the Terram Cellular Confinement Systems for channel lining is an extension of the erosion control applications, with the consideration of the additional forces generated through saturation of the fill and the flow of water within the channel.
Design Considerations
- Embankment slope angle
- Length
- Hydrology
- Drainage
- Substrate conditions
- Flow
Call our technical helpline
Tel: +44(0) 1621 874200 oremail our technical team
Brochure Download
Case Study Download
Datasheet Download
